1. Python

Python is a high-level, universal programming language known for its simplicity and readability. It is used in web development, data analysis, artificial intelligence, scientific computing, and more. Python’s libraries and frameworks, such as Django for web development and TensorFlow for machine learning, make it a favourite among developers.

Online Courses:

• Coursera: Python for Everybody Specialization (Cost: ₹4,000/month)
• Udemy: Complete Python Bootcamp: Go from zero to hero in Python 3 (Cost: ₹1,600)

Applications Built: YouTube, Instagram, Spotify, Reddit

Career Opportunities: Python developers are in high demand in various industries, including technology, finance, healthcare, and research. Career roles include Python Developer, Data Scientist, Machine Learning Engineer, and Web Developer.

2. JavaScript

JavaScript is a core web technology used for developing dynamic and interactive websites. Thanks to environments like Node.js, it runs on both the client and server side. JavaScript is essential for front-end development and is often used alongside HTML and CSS.

Online Courses:

• Codecademy: Learn JavaScript (Cost: ₹1,600/month)
• Coursera: JavaScript, jQuery, and JSON (Cost: ₹3,200/month)

Applications Built: Gmail, Facebook, LinkedIn, Netflix

Career Opportunities: JavaScript expertise opens doors to roles such as Front-End Developer, Full-Stack Developer, Web Developer, and Software Engineer. It is a crucial skill for those looking to work in web development and tech startups.

3. Java

Java is a highly portable, object-oriented language widely used for building enterprise-scale applications, Android apps, and large systems. Known for its “write once, run anywhere” capability, Java is used in various domains, including finance, e-commerce, and mobile development.

Online Courses:

• Coursera: Java Programming and Software Engineering Fundamentals (Cost: ₹4,000/month)
• Udemy: Java Programming Masterclass for Software Developers (Cost: ₹1,600)

Applications Built: Android OS, Minecraft, NASA WorldWind

Career Opportunities: Java developers can pursue careers as Android Developers, Backend Developers, Software Engineers, and System Architects. Java is particularly valued in enterprise environments and large-scale application development.

4. C#

C# is a versatile language developed by Microsoft. It is primarily used for developing Windows applications, web applications, and games using the Unity engine. It is part of the .NET framework, providing a comprehensive application development environment.

Online Courses:

• Pluralsight: C# Fundamentals (Cost: ₹2,400/month)
• Udemy: Master C# Programming with Visual Studio (Cost: ₹1,600)

Applications Built: Microsoft Office, Stack Overflow, Visual Studio

Career Opportunities: C# skills are essential for roles such as Windows Application Developers, Game Developers (using Unity), and Web Developers. They are highly sought after in companies employing Microsoft technologies.

5. SQL

SQL (Structured Query Language) is essential for managing and manipulating relational databases. It is a critical backend development and data analytics skill, enabling efficient querying and data management.

Online Courses:

• Coursera: SQL for Data Science (Cost: ₹4,000/month)
• Udemy: The Complete SQL Bootcamp 2024 (Cost: ₹1,600)

Applications Built: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database

Career Opportunities: Proficiency in SQL leads to careers as Database Administrators, Data Analysts, Business Intelligence Analysts, and Backend Developers. SQL is foundational in roles that involve data management and analysis.

6. Swift

It is a powerful programming language for iOS and macOS app development. Apple created it to replace Objective-C. Swift is designed for safety, performance, and modern software design patterns.

Online Courses:

• Coursera: iOS App Development with Swift (Cost: ₹4,000/month)
• Udemy: iOS 14 & Swift 5 – The Complete iOS App Development Bootcamp (Cost: ₹1,600)

Applications Built: Lyft, LinkedIn, Khan Academy, Airbnb

Career Opportunities: Swift developers are highly sought after in the mobile development industry, particularly for iOS development roles. Career paths include iOS Developer, Mobile App Developer, and Software Engineer.

7. Kotlin

Kotlin is a statically typed programming language that runs on the JVM and is fully interoperable with Java. Due to its concise syntax and modern features, it is the preferred language for Android development.

Online Courses:

• Udacity: Kotlin for Android Developers (Cost: Free)
• Coursera: Android App Development with Kotlin (Cost: ₹4,000/month)

Applications Built: Pinterest, Trello, Evernote

Career Opportunities: Kotlin is crucial for Android Developers and Mobile App Developers. Its interoperability with Java also makes it valuable for roles in backend development.

8. Rust

Rust is a system-level programming language known for its safety and performance. It is suitable for applications requiring high concurrency and low-level memory control. Now-a-days, various applications are build on Rust and its courses are also available at affordable prices.

Online Courses:

• Udemy: Ultimate Rust Crash Course (Cost: ₹1,600)
• Coursera: Programming Languages, Part C (Cost: ₹4,000/month)

Applications Built: Dropbox, Firefox, Cloudflare

Career Opportunities: Rust developers find opportunities in system programming, embedded systems, and performance-critical applications. Career roles include Systems Programmer, DevOps Engineer, and Software Engineer.

9. Go (Golang)

Go, or Golang, is also statically typed language designed by Google. It is known for its simplicity, efficiency, and performance, making it ideal for developing scalable and high-performance applications.

Online Courses:

• Udemy: Learn How to Code: Google’s Go (Golang) Programming Language (Cost: ₹1,600)
• Coursera: Programming with Google Go (Cost: ₹4,000/month)

Applications Built: Kubernetes, Docker, SoundCloud

Career Opportunities: Go developers are in demand for roles such as Backend Developer, Cloud Engineer, and DevOps Engineer. It is particularly valued in cloud services, distributed systems, and microservices architecture.

10. TypeScript

TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript that adds static typing, making it easier to manage and scale large codebases. It is increasingly popular for developing robust, scalable web applications.

Online Courses:

• Udemy: Understanding TypeScript – 2024 Edition (Cost: ₹1,600)
• Coursera: Full-Stack Web Development with React Specialization (Cost: ₹4,000/month)

Applications Built: Slack, Asana, Microsoft Office Online

Career Opportunities: TypeScript proficiency leads to roles such as Full-Stack Developer, Front-End Developer, and Software Engineer. It is particularly valued in projects that require scalable and maintainable codebases.